Which costs remain constant regardless of output level?

• A. Variable Costs
• B. Semi-Variable Costs
• C. Opportunity Costs
• D. Fixed Costs

Answer: (D)

Costs that stay the same as output changes are fixed costs. In the short run, items like rent, salaries for permanent staff, and depreciation on equipment do not fluctuate with how much you produce, so they remain constant across different production levels.

Variable costs, by contrast, rise as output increases (raw materials, direct labor for each unit). Semi-variable costs have both fixed and variable elements, so they do change with activity, albeit not necessarily in direct proportion. Opportunity costs are the foregone benefits of a chosen option and aren’t tied to production quantity in the same way as the others.