Which motivational theory is associated with a hierarchy of needs?

• A. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
• B. McGregor's Theory X and Y
• C. Maslow's Motivational Theory
• D. Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Answer: (C)

Motivation can be driven by different levels of needs that must be satisfied in order, with lower-level needs taking priority before higher ones become motivators. Maslow's Motivational Theory is the one that formalizes this as a hierarchy: physiological needs, safety, social (belonging), esteem, and self-actualization. As each level is satisfied, attention shifts to the next, shaping how and where to focus efforts to motivate people. That makes it the best answer because it explicitly describes a ladder of needs that governs what motivates someone at different times. The other theories describe different ideas about motivation: Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory separates hygiene factors from motivators without a staged hierarchy; McGregor’s Theory X and Y outlines management assumptions about people; Vroom’s Expectancy Theory links effort, performance, and outcomes rather than a progression of needs.